It is routinely asserted in courts, journals and the media that it makes “no difference” whether a child has a mother and father, two fathers, or two mothers. Reference is often made to social-scientific studies that are claimed to have “demonstrated” this.

An objective analysis, however, demonstrates that there is no basis for this assertion. Robert Lerner, Ph.D., and Althea Nagai, Ph.D. evaluated forty-nine empirical studies on same-sex (or homosexual) parenting.

Lerner and Nagai found at least one fatal research flaw in all forty-nine studies. As a result, they conclude that no generalizations can reliably be made based on any of these studies. For these reasons the studies are no basis for good science or good public policy.